TikTok has been sued by the parents of four British teenagers who believe the children died after taking part in viral trends that circulated on the video-sharing platform in 2022.

The lawsuit claims Isaac Kenevan, Archie Battersbee, Julian “Jools” Sweeney and Maia Walsh died while attempting the so-called “blackout challenge”.

The US-based Social Media Victims Law Center filed the wrongful death lawsuit against TikTok and its parent company ByteDance on behalf of the children’s parents on Thursday.

According to TikTok, searches for videos or hashtags related to the challenge are blocked.

It says it prohibits dangerous content or challenges on the platform, and directs those who search for hashtags or videos to its Safety Centre.

The complaint was filed in the Superior Court of the State of Delaware on behalf of Archie’s mother Hollie Dance, Isaac’s mum Lisa Kenevan, Jools’ mother Ellen Roome and Maia’s dad Liam Walsh.

It claims the deaths were “the foreseeable result of ByteDance’s engineered addiction-by-design and programming decisions”, which were “aimed at pushing children into maximizing their engagement with TikTok by any means necessary”.

And it accuses ByteDance of having “created harmful dependencies in each child” through its design and “flooded them with a seemingly endless stream of harms”.

“These were not harms the children searched for or wanted to see when their use of TikTok began,” it claims.

Leanda Barrington-Leach, executive director of campaign group 5Rights Foundation, claimed this was “the horrific consequences of tech companies putting profit above children’s lives”.

The families’ lawsuit comes as question marks hang over the future of TikTok in the US.

President Donald Trump signed an executive order in January to extend the deadline for the app to be banned in the country unless sold to another firm.

A coroner concluded in January 2024 that Hollie Dance’s son Archie died aged 12 after a “prank or experiment” went wrong at their home in Southend-on-Sea in April 2022 – and said there was no evidence he was doing an online challenge at the time, as his mother believed.

Ms Dance, along with Lisa Kenevan, mother of 13-year-old Isaac, has tried to raise awareness about potentially dangerous social media trends in the wake of their childrens’ deaths.

Lisa Kenevan, speaking about Issac on BBC Breakfast in May, described him as a “happy, normal boy” who “wanted to look after his mum and dad”.

She said he was as an “highly inquisitive, highly intelligent” child who wanted to understand how things worked – leading him to attempt the blackout challenge.

It is one of several viral social media trends that have resulted in warnings from schools and experts about their dangers.

TikTok said in 2021 it would strengthen its detection and enforcement of rules around dangerous online challenges, and reportedly blocked some searches for the blackout challenge.

But it has faced a number of lawsuits and accusations from parents of deceased children claiming it recommended harmful content to them.

The Social Media Victims Law Center helped Tawainna Anderson sue the platform in 2022 after her 10-year-old daughter Nyla died after allegedly taking part in the blackout challenge.

A US appeals court overturned a lower court’s dismissal of her case in August 2024.

Ellen Roome, who believes her 14-year-old son Jools died after participating in an online challenge, has sought to obtain data from TikTok that could provide clarity around his death.

She has been campaigning for “Jools’ Law”, which would allow parents to access the social media accounts of their children if they die.

“It’s my one goal to try and make something positive out of the loss of Jools, not just me but for the families who have already lost children and families going forward,” she told the BBC in January.