Grade boundaries show the minimum number of marks you need for each grade.

They are decided by examiners and published on results day.

Qualifications Wales, which oversees Welsh exams, had been prepared to use statistics to set the grade boundaries to prevent marks dropping significantly below 2019 levels,, external because of a concern that performance in some subjects had still not recovered fully since the pandemic. This back-up plan has not been needed.

In England and Northern Ireland, the way boundaries are decided has returned to normal.

Only one change remained in place this year.

The Department for Education in England said students in maths, physics, and combined-science exams were allowed to use formulae and equation sheets for the final time., external This will not be allowed in 2025.