The 10th player on the list is Germany attacking midfielder Florian Wirtz, who looks set to join Premier League champions Liverpool for what is expected to become a new British record transfer fee.

The formula values him at €122m (£103m), which is lower than the Reds are reportedly set to pay to Bayer Leverkusen.

Alejandro Garnacho has been told he can leave Manchester United by boss Ruben Amorim and, according to CIES Football Observatory, the Argentina winger could command a fee of about €63m (£53m).

Liverpool received some money, £8.4m, from Real Madrid for Trent Alexander-Arnold – but nowhere his value of €69m (£58m) if he was not approaching the end of his contract.

Manchester City have agreed a €55m (£46m) fee with AC Milan for Serie A midfielder of the season Tijjani Reijnders – and the formula suggests City have got a bargain, with him valued at €78m (£65m) in the study.

Paris St-Germain winger Desire Doue, player of the match in the 5-0 win over Inter Milan in the Champions League final, is valued at €109m (£91m).