{"id":52400,"date":"2026-05-12T08:45:25","date_gmt":"2026-05-12T08:45:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/news.godj.com\/news\/bbc-unmasks-key-people-smuggler-in-network-behind-most-small-boat-crossings\/"},"modified":"2026-05-12T08:45:26","modified_gmt":"2026-05-12T08:45:26","slug":"bbc-unmasks-key-people-smuggler-in-network-behind-most-small-boat-crossings","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/news.godj.com\/news\/bbc-unmasks-key-people-smuggler-in-network-behind-most-small-boat-crossings\/","title":{"rendered":"BBC unmasks key people smuggler in network behind most small boat crossings"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div>\n<p class=\"sc-1a18e57c-0 HooNV\">A former smuggler told us that Kardo Ranya&#8217;s network charges about \u20ac17,000 (\u00a315,000) to transport a migrant all the way from Iraq to the UK. 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Although this price is often higher than that of his rivals, the network claims to offer a safer journey (and a VIP service for those who can pay). \"[Kardo Ranya] charges more,\" the former smuggler said, \"but still the migrant goes to him.\"\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"A former smuggler told us that Kardo Ranya's network charges about \u20ac17,000 (\u00a315,000) to transport a migrant all the way from Iraq to the UK. Although this price is often higher than that of his rivals, the network claims to offer a safer journey (and a VIP service for those who can pay). \"[Kardo Ranya] charges more,\" the former smuggler said, \"but still the migrant goes to him.\"\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"However, the long journey across the Middle East and Europe is both illegal and unsafe at almost every step of the way. It has proved fatal for many migrants.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"However, the long journey across the Middle East and Europe is both illegal and unsafe at almost every step of the way. It has proved fatal for many migrants.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Small-boat crossings have become the most common way for people to be detected entering the UK illegally since 2020. Nearly all those arriving this way claim asylum - saying they cannot live safely in their own country because of persecution or violence.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Small-boat crossings have become the most common way for people to be detected entering the UK illegally since 2020. 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This {{smallBoats.change}} same period the previous year.\",\"small-boats__accordion-1__component__para-2\":\"These crossings have become the most common way for people to be detected entering the UK illegally since 2020.\",\"small-boats__accordion-1__component__para-3\":\"Nearly all those who arrive by small boat claim asylum. Under international law, this means they are allowed to stay in the country while their asylum application is considered.\",\"small-boats__accordion-1__component__para-4\":\"Small boat arrivals made up {{smallBoatsAsylum.percent}} of asylum applications between {{smallBoatsAsylum.period}}.\",\"small-boats__accordion-1__component__embed-1__type\":\"flourish\",\"small-boats__accordion-1__component__embed-1__flourish_visualisation_id\":\"25572774?2496655\",\"small-boats__accordion-1__component__embed-1__flourish_fallback_id\":\"25572774\",\"small-boats__accordion-1__component__embed-1__flourish_iframe_title\":\"Data chart\",\"small-boats__accordion-1__component__embed-1__flourish_alt\":\"A step chart of small boat crossings over a calendar year for each year starting in 2021. The year-end totals were as follows 2021: 28,526, 2022: 45,755, 2023: 29,437, 2024: 36,816, 2025: 41,472. As of 8 May, there have been 7,380 small boat crossings to the UK in 2026. Out of the years plotted, this is the fourth highest number of small boat arrivals by this date.\",\"small-boats__accordion-1__component__embed-1__flourish_classes\":\"flourish-embed\",\"small-boats__accordion-1__component__embed-1__hoisted\":\"TRUE\",\"small-boats__accordion-1__component__embed-1__hoisted_height\":\"352\",\"small-boats__accordion-1__component__embed-1__mega_height\":\"400\",\"small-boats__accordion-1__component__para-5\":\"Boats that arrived in the UK from {{boatSize.period}} carried an average of {{boatSize.value}} people. This {{boatSize.change}} 2021.\",\"small-boats__accordion-1__component__para-6\":\"Experts say [overcrowding in boats makes crossings riskier](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/articles\/cj9j8r8z90wo). At least 84 people died while attempting to cross the Channel in 2024, according to the United Nations (UN).\",\"small-boats__accordion-1__component__para-7\":\"When looking at the scale of small boats crossings, the number of these arrivals is about {{smallBoatsImmigration.percent}} of the size of total immigration into the UK from {{smallBoatsImmigration.period}}.\",\"small-boats__accordion-1__component__para-8\":\"The government has pledged to [\u201csmash the gangs\u201d](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/articles\/c9dqqj0v1ndo) behind these crossings in order to reduce the numbers.\",\"small-boats__accordion-2__header\":\"Who is arriving in the UK on small boats?\",\"small-boats__accordion-2__component__para-1\":\"People from {{nationalities.top}} accounted for {{nationalities.percent}} of all arrivals from {{nationalities.period}}.\",\"small-boats__accordion-2__component__embed-1__type\":\"flourish\",\"small-boats__accordion-2__component__embed-1__flourish_visualisation_id\":\"25573101?2496655\",\"small-boats__accordion-2__component__embed-1__flourish_fallback_id\":\"25573101\",\"small-boats__accordion-2__component__embed-1__flourish_iframe_title\":\"Data chart\",\"small-boats__accordion-2__component__embed-1__flourish_alt\":\"A horizontal bar chart of the top five countries from which the UK receives most arrivals by small boat. The countries and corresponding arrivals detected are as follows: Eritrea with 7,602 arrivals detected, Afghanistan with 4,755 arrivals detected, Iran with 4,489 arrivals detected, Sudan with 4,432 arrivals detected, and Somalia with 3,783 arrivals detected. The figures are for January 2025 to December 2025.\",\"small-boats__accordion-2__component__embed-1__flourish_classes\":\"flourish-embed\",\"small-boats__accordion-2__component__embed-1__hoisted\":\"FALSE\",\"small-boats__accordion-2__component__embed-1__mega_height\":\"352\",\"small-boats__accordion-2__component__embed-1__hoisted_height\":\"288\",\"small-boats__accordion-2__component__para-2\":\"In the latest figures covering {{modernSlavery.period}}, at least {{modernSlavery.value}} people who arrived by small boat were found to be potential victims of human trafficking or other forms of modern slavery, according to the Home Office.\",\"small-boats__accordion-3__header\":\"How else do people stay in the UK without permission?\",\"small-boats__accordion-3__component__para-1\":\"Another {{otherMethods.value}} people were detected entering the UK without permission via other methods including hiding in vehicles, travelling on ferries or through airports from {{otherMethods.period}}. This {{otherMethods.change}} same period the previous year.\",\"small-boats__accordion-3__component__para-2\":\"There are also individuals who arrive legally, for example via a work or study visa, and then overstay their limit.\",\"small-boats__accordion-3__component__para-3\":\"The total number of people who live in the UK illegally after arriving legally is not known.\",\"hotels-and-applications__include-title\":\"Asylum applications and hotels\",\"hotels-and-applications__cta\":\"Tap the questions below\",\"hotels-and-applications__accordion-1__header\":\"How many people are in asylum accommodation?\",\"hotels-and-applications__accordion-1__component__para-1\":\"An asylum seeker is someone who wants to be in the UK because they say they cannot live safely in their own country due to persecution or violence.\",\"hotels-and-applications__accordion-1__component__para-2\":\"The government must house an asylum seeker if they cannot financially support themselves while their claim is being considered. There were {{accommodation.value}} people in asylum accommodation as of {{accommodation.period}}.\",\"hotels-and-applications__accordion-1__component__para-3\":\"About {{accommodationHotels.percent}} of those people, {{accommodationHotels.value}}, were in hotels. These are used when there is not enough shared housing available, such as houses of multiple occupation (HMOs) or [former military sites](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/articles\/cjr0lx7n0y3o).\",\"hotels-and-applications__accordion-1__component__para-4\":\"The government [has pledged to stop the use of hotels](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/articles\/c9dqqj0v1ndo) by 2029.\",\"hotels-and-applications__accordion-1__component__para-5\":\"More people are in hotels across the south of England than elsewhere in the UK, while HMOs are more common in the north of England and Scotland.\",\"hotels-and-applications__accordion-2__header\":\"Numbers of asylum seekers in hotels by council area\",\"lookup-noscript-message\":\"A modern browser with JavaScript and a stable internet connection is required to view this interactive\",\"hotels-and-applications__accordion-2__component__lookup-1__subtitle\":\"Type in a postcode or the name of a local council below to see how many asylum seekers are housed in the area\",\"news_vj_search_lookup_invalid_postcode\":\"Please enter a full UK postcode\",\"hotels-and-applications__accordion-2__search-results_title\":\"Asylum accommodation in {{council}}\",\"hotels-and-applications__accordion-2__search-results_as-of\":\"as of {{date}}\",\"hotels-and-applications__accordion-2__search-results_per\":\"per 100,000 residents\",\"hotels-and-applications__accordion-2__search-results_this-is\":\"This is\",\"hotels-and-applications__accordion-2__search-results_comparison_much-lower\":\"less than half\",\"hotels-and-applications__accordion-2__search-results_comparison_lower\":\"lower than\",\"hotels-and-applications__accordion-2__search-results_comparison_average\":\"about the same as\",\"hotels-and-applications__accordion-2__search-results_comparison_higher\":\"higher than\",\"hotels-and-applications__accordion-2__search-results_comparison_much-higher\":\"more than double\",\"hotels-and-applications__accordion-2__search-results_hotels-header\":\"Asylum seekers in hotels\",\"hotels-and-applications__accordion-2__search-results_hotels-zero-figure\":\"There were no asylum seekers in hotels in {{council}}\",\"hotels-and-applications__accordion-2__search-results_comparison_hotels-comparand\":\"the average for a UK council with asylum seekers in hotels, if you calculated it as a share of its population\",\"hotels-and-applications__accordion-2__search-results_hotels-uk-figures\":\"{{number}} of {{total}} councils across the UK have asylum seekers in hotels\",\"hotels-and-applications__accordion-2__search-results_hotels-map_visualisation_id\":\"25656794?2496655\",\"hotels-and-applications__accordion-2__search-results_hotels-map_fallback_id\":\"25656794\",\"hotels-and-applications__accordion-2__search-results_hotels-map_iframe_title\":\"Data chart\",\"hotels-and-applications__accordion-2__search-results_hotels-map_alt\":\"A map of which local authorities in the UK use hotels to house asylum seekers. 120 of 361 local authorities are using hotels as of September 2025.\",\"hotels-and-applications__accordion-2__search-results_hotels-map__mega_height\":\"500\",\"hotels-and-applications__accordion-2__search-results_hotels-map__hoisted_height\":\"400\",\"hotels-and-applications__accordion-2__search-results_hotels-source\":\"Home Office\",\"hotels-and-applications__accordion-2__search-results_other-header\":\"Asylum seekers in other forms of accommodation\",\"hotels-and-applications__accordion-2__search-results_other-zero-figure\":\"There were no asylum seekers in other forms of accommodation in {{council}}\",\"hotels-and-applications__accordion-2__search-results_comparison_other-comparand\":\"the average for a UK council with asylum seekers in non-hotel accommodation, if you calculated it as a share of its population\",\"hotels-and-applications__accordion-2__search-results_other-uk-figures\":\"{{number}} of {{total}} councils across the UK have asylum seekers in non-hotel accommodation\",\"hotels-and-applications__accordion-2__search-results_other-map_visualisation_id\":\"25656669?2496655\",\"hotels-and-applications__accordion-2__search-results_other-map_fallback_id\":\"25656669\",\"hotels-and-applications__accordion-2__search-results_other-map_iframe_title\":\"Data chart\",\"hotels-and-applications__accordion-2__search-results_other-map-alt\":\"A map of which local authorities in the UK use HMOs or other accommodation types to house asylum seekers. 305 of 361 local authorities are using hotels as of September 2025.\",\"hotels-and-applications__accordion-2__search-results_other-source\":\"Home Office\",\"hotels-and-applications__accordion-3__header\":\"How many people apply for asylum in the UK?\",\"hotels-and-applications__accordion-3__component__para-1\":\"A total of {{claims.value}} people applied for asylum in the UK from {{claims.period}}. This {{claims.change}} same period in the previous year.\",\"hotels-and-applications__accordion-3__component__embed-1__type\":\"flourish\",\"hotels-and-applications__accordion-3__component__embed-1__flourish_visualisation_id\":\"25573132?2496655\",\"hotels-and-applications__accordion-3__component__embed-1__flourish_fallback_id\":\"25573132\",\"hotels-and-applications__accordion-3__component__embed-1__flourish_iframe_title\":\"Data chart\",\"hotels-and-applications__accordion-3__component__embed-1__flourish_alt\":\"A bar chart of the total number of people applying for asylum in the UK, including main applicants and dependents, from January to December in the years 2001 to 2025. In the 12 months to December 2001, there were 71,027 claims. By 2005, this figure had more than halved. Applications hovered under or around 40,000 until 2022, when they reached 88,213. Levels swelled to around 100,000 in 2023 and 2024. From January 2025 to December 2025 there were 100,625 asylum applications.\",\"hotels-and-applications__accordion-3__component__embed-1__flourish_classes\":\"flourish-embed\",\"hotels-and-applications__accordion-3__component__embed-1__hoisted\":\"TRUE\",\"hotels-and-applications__accordion-3__component__embed-1__mega_height\":\"400\",\"hotels-and-applications__accordion-3__component__embed-1__hoisted_height\":\"320\",\"hotels-and-applications__accordion-3__component__para-2\":\"Most people who arrive in the UK by small boat claim asylum, but they were only {{smallBoats.percent}} of all asylum seekers from {{smallBoats.period}}.\",\"hotels-and-applications__accordion-3__component__para-3\":\"The rest include people who arrived by other illegal means or who came to the UK legally and applied for asylum while holding, or just after holding, a valid visa.\",\"hotels-and-applications__accordion-4__header\":\"How big is the asylum backlog?\",\"hotels-and-applications__accordion-4__component__para-1\":\"It can take years for the government to decide whether someone should be granted asylum.\",\"hotels-and-applications__accordion-4__component__para-2\":\"In {{initialBacklogPeople.period}}, {{initialBacklogPeople.value}} people - across {{initialBacklogApplications.value}} asylum applications - were waiting for an initial decision. The number of people awaiting an initial decision {{initialBacklogPeople.change}} previous year.\",\"hotels-and-applications__accordion-4__component__para-3\":\"As of {{appealsBacklog.period}}, a further {{appealsBacklog.value}} refused asylum applications were part of a second backlog, waiting the outcome of an appeal in the courts. This {{appealsBacklog.change}} previous year.\",\"hotels-and-applications__accordion-4__component__para-4\":\"Together, these initial decision and appeal cases form the government\u2019s total asylum applications backlog, [which it has pledged to clear](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/articles\/c9dqqj0v1ndo).\",\"hotels-and-applications__accordion-4__component__embed-1__type\":\"flourish\",\"hotels-and-applications__accordion-4__component__embed-1__flourish_visualisation_id\":\"25616291?2496655\",\"hotels-and-applications__accordion-4__component__embed-1__flourish_fallback_id\":\"25616291\",\"hotels-and-applications__accordion-4__component__embed-1__flourish_iframe_title\":\"Data chart\",\"hotels-and-applications__accordion-4__component__embed-1__flourish_alt\":\"A stacked bar chart of applications awaiting a first decision and appeals caseload at first-tier tribunal, by quarter from, June 2015 to December 2025 The backlog increased from around 25,000 in 2015 to around 180,000 in 2023. This was largely due to more applications awaiting an initial decision. Since 2023, the number of applicants awaiting an initial decision has declined, but the appeals caseload has widened. In December 2025 there were 48,723 initial decisions and 80,333 appeals.\",\"hotels-and-applications__accordion-4__component__embed-1__flourish_classes\":\"flourish-embed\",\"hotels-and-applications__accordion-4__component__embed-1__mega_height\":\"450\",\"hotels-and-applications__accordion-4__component__embed-1__hoisted_height\":\"384\",\"hotels-and-applications__accordion-4__component__para-5\":\"Refugee status was granted in about {{initialBacklogDecisions.percent}} of asylum decisions made by the Home Office from {{initialBacklogDecisions.period}}.\",\"hotels-and-applications__accordion-4__component__para-6\":\"About {{appealsBacklogDecisions.percent}} of asylum appeal cases concluded between {{appealsBacklogDecisions.period}} resulted in a previous refusal decision being overturned.\",\"foreign-nationals__include-title\":\"Returns and deportations from the UK\",\"foreign-nationals__cta\":\"Tap the questions below\",\"foreign-nationals__accordion-1__header\":\"How many people are returned or deported from the UK?\",\"foreign-nationals__accordion-1__component__para-1\":\"The government requires people who are in the UK, but no longer have permission to live or work in the country, to leave.\",\"foreign-nationals__accordion-1__component__para-2\":\"This is called a return and can happen voluntarily or involuntarily.\",\"foreign-nationals__accordion-1__component__para-3\":\"People can lose the right to be in the UK for different reasons, such as a visa expiring, an asylum claim being refused, or by receiving a criminal conviction that results in deportation.\",\"foreign-nationals__accordion-1__component__para-4\":\"There were {{returns.value}} returns from {{returns.period}}. This {{returns.change}} same period the previous year.\",\"foreign-nationals__accordion-1__component__para-5\":\"That number of returns is equivalent to about {{emigration.percent}} of total emigration from the UK from {{emigration.period}}.\",\"foreign-nationals__accordion-2__header\":\"Who is returned from the UK?\",\"foreign-nationals__accordion-2__component__para-1\":\"Of all returns from {{smallBoatReturns.period}}:\",\"foreign-nationals__accordion-2__component__para-2\":\"- {{offenderReturns.value}} had been convicted of a criminal offence\\n- {{asylumReturns.value}} had lodged an asylum claim at some point\\n- {{smallBoatReturns.value}} had arrived in the UK by small boat\",\"foreign-nationals__accordion-2__component__para-3\":\"People from {{nationalityReturns.top}} made up {{nationalityReturns.percent}} of all returns from {{nationalityReturns.period}}.\",\"foreign-nationals__accordion-2__component__embed-1__type\":\"flourish\",\"foreign-nationals__accordion-2__component__embed-1__flourish_visualisation_id\":\"25609746?2496655\",\"foreign-nationals__accordion-2__component__embed-1__flourish_fallback_id\":\"25609746\",\"foreign-nationals__accordion-2__component__embed-1__flourish_iframe_title\":\"Data chart\",\"foreign-nationals__accordion-2__component__embed-1__flourish_alt\":\"A horizontal bar chart of the top five countries by number of returns from the UK, from January 2025 to December 2025. The countries and their figures are as follows: India: 9,433, Brazil: 5,698, Albania: 4,324, Romania: 2,238, and Nigeria: 1,320\",\"foreign-nationals__accordion-2__component__embed-1__flourish_classes\":\"flourish-embed\",\"foreign-nationals__accordion-2__component__embed-1__mega_height\":\"352\",\"foreign-nationals__accordion-2__component__embed-1__hoisted_height\":\"288\",\"foreign-nationals__accordion-3__header\":\"What is the 'one in, one out' deal with France?\",\"foreign-nationals__accordion-3__component__para-1\":\"The UK is [trialing a scheme with France](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/articles\/ckg653r06jgo) to return people who arrived in the country on a small boat.\",\"foreign-nationals__accordion-3__component__para-2\":\"For every person the UK sends back to France, the UK will accept an equal number of asylum seekers.\",\"foreign-nationals__accordion-3__component__para-3\":\"This is called the \\\"one in, one out\\\" deal. As of {{oneInOneOut.period}}, {{oneInOneOut.value}} people have been returned through this arrangement.\",\"foreign-nationals__accordion-4__header\":\"How do people leave the UK under immigration control?\",\"foreign-nationals__accordion-4__component__para-1\":\"Returns can happen in different ways. \\\"Enforced returns\\\", which includes deportations, means the government arranges transport to return people to a different country. In some cases, people are escorted by officers.\",\"foreign-nationals__accordion-4__component__para-2\":\"All other returns are \\\"voluntary\\\". This means a person has agreed to leave and may receive government help with travel and other costs to help facilitate the return.\",\"foreign-nationals__accordion-4__component__para-3\":\"Some people classed as leaving the country voluntarily do so completely independently and without [any government knowledge or involvement](https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/articles\/clyw8jw11jwo).\",\"foreign-nationals__accordion-4__component__para-4\":\"Independent returns made up {{independentReturns.percent}} of the total from {{independentReturns.period}}.\",\"foreign-nationals__accordion-4__component__embed-1__type\":\"flourish\",\"foreign-nationals__accordion-4__component__embed-1__flourish_visualisation_id\":\"25575553?2496655\",\"foreign-nationals__accordion-4__component__embed-1__flourish_fallback_id\":\"25575553\",\"foreign-nationals__accordion-4__component__embed-1__flourish_iframe_title\":\"Data chart\",\"foreign-nationals__accordion-4__component__embed-1__flourish_alt\":\"A stacked area chart of the number of immigration returns from the UK each quarter. The area is segmented by the type of return: government involved or independent. Independent includes those who left the country without telling authorities and were discovered later. Excludes those denied entry at a port. The chart covers each quarter from March 2015 to December 2025. In 2015, returns per quarter hovered around 11,000. Returns decreased throughout the latter half of the decade and in the pandemic; total returns were around 2000 in 2020. Independent and government-involved returns, however, have since increased. In the quarter ending December 2025 there were 7,135 government involved returns and 2,503 independent returns.\",\"foreign-nationals__accordion-4__component__embed-1__flourish_classes\":\"flourish-embed\",\"foreign-nationals__accordion-4__component__embed-1__hoisted\":\"TRUE\",\"foreign-nationals__accordion-4__component__embed-1__mega_height\":\"416\",\"foreign-nationals__accordion-4__component__embed-1__hoisted_height\":\"368\",\"visas__include-title\":\"Visas for legal migration\",\"visas__cta\":\"Tap the questions below\",\"visas__accordion-1__header\":\"How do people come to the UK legally?\",\"visas__accordion-1__component__para-1\":\"Most people who come to the UK do so legally, after being granted a visa before they travel.\",\"visas__accordion-1__component__para-2\":\"A visa gives someone permission to enter or stay in the UK for a specific purpose, such as work, study or joining family members.\",\"visas__accordion-1__component__para-3\":\"There were {{entryVisas.value}} entry visas granted from {{entryVisas.period}}, not including visitors or people transiting through the UK. This {{entryVisas.change}} same period the previous year.\",\"visas__accordion-1__component__para-4\":\"That does not mean all those people travelled to the UK, only that they were approved to do so.\",\"visas__accordion-2__header\":\"What are the most common reasons for entry each year?\",\"visas__accordion-2__component__para-1\":\"The most common type of visa issued by the government was for {{topVisaType.top}} and made up {{topVisaType.percent}} of all visas approved from {{entryVisas.period}}.\",\"visas__accordion-2__component__embed-1__type\":\"flourish\",\"visas__accordion-2__component__embed-1__flourish_visualisation_id\":\"25575781?2496655\",\"visas__accordion-2__component__embed-1__flourish_fallback_id\":\"25575781\",\"visas__accordion-2__component__embed-1__flourish_iframe_title\":\"Data chart\",\"visas__accordion-2__component__embed-1__flourish_alt\":\"A horizontal bar chart of the number of visa entries by type of visa from January 2025 to December 2025. The number of visas by type is as follows: Study: 429,254, Work: 261,112, Family: 66,610, and Other: 52,431. For contrast, there were 46,497 entries without permission in the same period.\",\"visas__accordion-2__component__embed-1__flourish_classes\":\"flourish-embed\",\"visas__accordion-2__component__embed-1__hoisted\":\"TRUE\",\"visas__accordion-2__component__embed-1__mega_height\":\"450\",\"visas__accordion-2__component__embed-1__hoisted_height\":\"400\",\"visas__accordion-3__header\":\"Who gets the most common UK visas?\",\"visas__accordion-3__component__para-1\":\"People from {{topVisaNationality.top}} were the most common group to come to the UK on {{topVisaType.top}} visas, making up {{topVisaNationality.percent}} of the total.\",\"visas__accordion-3__component__para-2\":\"Together, people from China and India accounted for nearly half of all study visas. This has been the case for many years.\",\"visas__accordion-3__component__embed-1__type\":\"flourish\",\"visas__accordion-3__component__embed-1__flourish_visualisation_id\":\"25610589?2496655\",\"visas__accordion-3__component__embed-1__flourish_fallback_id\":\"25610589\",\"visas__accordion-3__component__embed-1__flourish_iframe_title\":\"Data chart\",\"visas__accordion-3__component__embed-1__flourish_alt\":\"A horizontal bar chart of the top five countries who receive the most study visas to the UK from January 2025 to December 2025. The countries who receive the most study visas are as follows: India: 97,062, China: 89,705, Nigeria: 37,092, Pakistan: 33,040, and Nepal: 20,620. Figures include both main applicants and dependants.\",\"visas__accordion-3__component__embed-1__flourish_classes\":\"flourish-embed\",\"visas__accordion-3__component__embed-1__mega_height\":\"352\",\"visas__accordion-3__component__embed-1__hoisted_height\":\"288\",\"country-compare__include-title\":\"Migration to Europe\",\"country-compare__cta\":\"Tap the questions below\",\"country-compare__accordion-1__header\":\"How many people cross to Europe illegally in boats?\",\"country-compare__accordion-1__component__para-1\":\"The EU and UK monitor the number of people crossing borders in the Mediterranean and English Channel by sea without permission.\",\"country-compare__accordion-1__component__para-2\":\"There were {{seaArrivalsEU.value}} sea arrivals to the UK, Greece, Italy, Spain and Cyprus from {{seaArrivalsUK.period}}.\",\"country-compare__accordion-1__component__para-3\":\"Crossings to the UK accounted for about {{seaArrivalsUK.percent}} of the combined total.\",\"country-compare__accordion-1__component__para-4\":\"Sea arrivals into mainland Europe peaked in 2015, when the UN said [more than a million people](https:\/\/www.unhcr.org\/news\/stories\/over-one-million-sea-arrivals-reach-europe-2015) crossed the Mediterranean.\",\"country-compare__accordion-1__component__embed-1__type\":\"flourish\",\"country-compare__accordion-1__component__embed-1__flourish_visualisation_id\":\"25617710?2496655\",\"country-compare__accordion-1__component__embed-1__flourish_fallback_id\":\"25617710\",\"country-compare__accordion-1__component__embed-1__flourish_iframe_title\":\"Data chart\",\"country-compare__accordion-1__component__embed-1__flourish_alt\":\"A line chart showing yearly arrivals by sea without permission to European countries from April 2018 to March 2026. Italy has generally had the highest numbers, peaking in March 2024 at around 140,000. Greece, Spain, and the UK have fluctuated around 50,000 a year. Cyprus has remained lower than 8,000 throughout.\",\"country-compare__accordion-1__component__embed-1__flourish_classes\":\"flourish-embed\",\"country-compare__accordion-1__component__embed-1__hoisted\":\"TRUE\",\"country-compare__accordion-1__component__embed-1__mega_height\":\"448\",\"country-compare__accordion-1__component__embed-1__hoisted_height\":\"416\",\"country-compare__accordion-2__header\":\"How many people apply for asylum in Europe?\",\"country-compare__accordion-2__component__para-1\":\"The top three countries with the most people claiming asylum from {{asylumClaims.period}} were {{asylumClaims1.value}}, {{asylumClaims2.value}} and {{asylumClaims3.value}}.\",\"country-compare__accordion-2__component__para-2\":\"The UK ranked at number {{asylumClaims.rank}} for asylum claims over the same period when compared with 26 other European countries with populations over one million.\",\"country-compare__accordion-2__component__para-3\":\"When adjusted for population size, the UK ranks at number {{asylumClaimsRate.rank}} for asylum applications per 100,000 people.\",\"country-compare__accordion-2__component__embed-1__type\":\"flourish\",\"country-compare__accordion-2__component__embed-1__flourish_visualisation_id\":\"25996564?2496655\",\"country-compare__accordion-2__component__embed-1__flourish_fallback_id\":\"25996564\",\"country-compare__accordion-2__component__embed-1__flourish_iframe_title\":\"Data chart\",\"country-compare__accordion-2__component__embed-1__flourish_alt\":\"A horizontal bar chart of European countries with the highest asylum applicants per 100,000 residents from January 2025 to December 2025. Applications includes dependents. Only EU+ countries with a population of over a million were and that include asylum and refugee figures in migration data were included.The top five countries and their rate of asylum application per 100,000 residents are as follows: Greece, ranked first: 532, Spain, ranked second: 290, Switzerland, ranked third: 261, Ireland, ranked fourth: 243, and Belgium, ranked fifth: 233. The UK, also shown, ranks ninth, with 145 asylum applicants per 100,000\",\"country-compare__accordion-2__component__embed-1__flourish_classes\":\"flourish-embed\",\"country-compare__accordion-2__component__embed-1__mega_height\":\"496\",\"country-compare__accordion-2__component__embed-1__hoisted_height\":\"448\",\"country-compare__accordion-3__header\":\"How does net migration compare across Europe?\",\"country-compare__accordion-3__component__para-1\":\"Net migration measures the overall change in a country\u2019s population due to migration over a given period. It is everyone coming into the country (immigration) minus everyone who leaves (emigration).\",\"country-compare__accordion-3__component__para-2\":\"The latest available data to compare the UK with other European nations is {{netMigrationEU.period}}.\",\"country-compare__accordion-3__component__para-3\":\"At that point, the countries with the biggest increase in their population were {{netMigrationEU1.value}}, {{netMigrationEU2.value}} and {{netMigrationEU3.value}}, after taking into account the people who left the country, and those who arrived.\",\"country-compare__accordion-3__component__para-4\":\"When adjusting for population size, the UK was in position {{netMigrationEU.rank}} for increase in population due to migration, alongside 13 other European countries with comparable data per 100,000 residents.\",\"country-compare__accordion-3__component__embed-1__type\":\"flourish\",\"country-compare__accordion-3__component__embed-1__flourish_visualisation_id\":\"25702682?2496655\",\"country-compare__accordion-3__component__embed-1__flourish_fallback_id\":\"25702682\",\"country-compare__accordion-3__component__embed-1__flourish_iframe_title\":\"Data chart\",\"country-compare__accordion-3__component__embed-1__flourish_alt\":\"A horizontal bar chart of the top 5 European countries by net migration per 100,000 residents. The countries and figures are as follows: Ireland: 1,308, Spain: 1,288, Switzerland: 926, Netherlands: 658, Norway: 613, and UK: 498. Data from January 2025 to December 2025\",\"country-compare__accordion-3__component__embed-1__flourish_classes\":\"flourish-embed\",\"country-compare__accordion-3__component__embed-1__mega_height\":\"496\",\"country-compare__accordion-3__component__embed-1__hoisted_height\":\"448\"},\"outputs\":[{\"wrapper\":\"embed\"},{\"wrapper\":\"core\"},{\"wrapper\":\"envelope\"},{\"wrapper\":\"amp\"},{\"wrapper\":\"news-app\"},{\"wrapper\":\"syndication\",\"photoCaption\":\"\",\"photoURL\":\"\",\"hyperlinkCallToAction\":\"Click here to see the BBC interactive\"},{\"wrapper\":\"syndication-enhanced-automated\",\"photoCaption\":\"\",\"photoURL\":\"\",\"hyperlinkCallToAction\":\"Click here to see the BBC interactive\"},{\"wrapper\":\"applenews\",\"photoCaption\":\"\",\"photoURL\":\"\",\"hyperlinkCallToAction\":\"Click or tap here to see interactive 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rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https:\/\/news.files.bbci.co.uk\/include\/newsspec\/41039-migration-dashboard-2025\/assets\/embed\/css\/inline.css??v=1.0.202605090912.undefined\"u003enu003cdiv id=\"responsive-embed-newsspec-41039-migration-dashboard-2025-small-boats\" class=\"bbc-news-vj-wrapper--embed bbc-news-vj-direction--ltr bbc-news-vj-language--english\"u003en    u003cdiv id=\"responsive-embed-newsspec-41039-migration-dashboard-2025-small-boats-core-content\"u003en        u003cbutton class=\"amp-click-to-expand hidden\"u003en            u003cdiv class=\"amp-click-to-expand-inset\"u003en                u003csvg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"32\" height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" aria-hidden=\"true\"u003en                    u003cpath d=\"M12.5 0l-1 20-6-4-2 2 10 14h15V14l-3-1.4V17h-1v-4.8l-3-1.4V17h-1v-6.6l-3-1.4v8h-1V0h-4z\" \/u003en                u003c\/svgu003en                u003cspan class=\"amp-click-to-expand-text\"u003eClick to expandu003c\/spanu003en            u003c\/divu003en        u003c\/buttonu003e    u003cdiv class=\"embed-wrapper embed-wrapper--module\"u003en                u003cdiv class=\"embed-topper\"u003eu003c\/divu003en                u003cdiv class=\"embed-content\"u003en                                u003cdiv class=\"sm-embed\"u003en                                        u003cdiv class=\"sm-flourish-embed\"u003en                                            u003cdiv class=\"sm-flourish-embed__content\"u003en                                                u003cdiv class=\"sm-flourish-embed__fallback\"u003en                                                    u003cdiv class=\"sm-picturen                                                                sm-picture--ratio-n                                                                sm-picture--fit-\"u003en                                                        u003cdiv class=\"sm-picture__content\"u003en                                                                u003cpicture class=\"sm-picture__picture\"u003en                                                                        u003csource type=\"image\/webp\" srcset=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/visualisation\/25572774\/thumbnail?v=1.1\" media=\"(min-width: )\"u003en                                                                        u003csource type=\"image\/webp\" srcset=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/visualisation\/25572774\/thumbnail?v=1.1\" media=\"(min-width: )\"u003en                                                                        u003csource type=\"image\/webp\" srcset=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/visualisation\/25572774\/thumbnail?v=1.1\"u003en                                                                    u003csource srcset=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/visualisation\/25572774\/thumbnail?v=1.1\" media=\"(min-width: )\"u003en                                                                    u003cimg loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/visualisation\/25572774\/thumbnail?v=1.1\" alt=\"A step chart of small boat crossings over a calendar year for each year starting in 2021. The year-end totals were as follows 2021: 28,526, 2022: 45,755, 2023: 29,437, 2024: 36,816, 2025: 41,472. As of 8 May, there have been 7,380 small boat crossings to the UK in 2026. Out of the years plotted, this is the fourth highest number of small boat arrivals by this date.\" width=\"100%\" height=\"\"  \/u003en                                                                u003c\/pictureu003en                                                        u003c\/divu003en                                                    u003c\/divu003en                                                u003c\/divu003en                                                u003cdiv class=\"sm-flourish-embed__flourish-container hidden hoisted\" style=\"height: 22rem;\" u003en                                                    u003cdiv id=\"embed\" data-height=\"100%\" class=\"flourish-embed flourish-embed-iframe\" data-src=\"visualisation\/25572774?2496655\" style=\"height: 100%; width: 100%\"u003eu003c\/divu003en                                                u003c\/divu003en                                            u003c\/divu003en                                        u003c\/divu003en                                        n                                u003c\/divu003en                                    u003cdiv class=\"crosshead-cta\"u003eTap the questions belowu003c\/divu003en                                u003cdetails class=\"sm-accordion\"u003en                                    u003csummary class=\"sm-summary\"u003en                                        u003cspanu003eHow many people cross the English Channel in small boats?u003c\/spanu003en                                        u003cdiv class=\"toggle-icon\"u003eu003c\/divu003en                                    u003c\/summaryu003en                                                u003cpu003eBetween 1 January and 8 May 2026, a total of 7,380 people crossed the English Channel by small boat from France. This was down by 36% on the same period the previous year.u003c\/pu003en                                                u003cpu003eThese crossings have become the most common way for people to be detected entering the UK illegally since 2020.u003c\/pu003en                                                u003cpu003eNearly all those who arrive by small boat claim asylum. Under international law, this means they are allowed to stay in the country while their asylum application is considered.u003c\/pu003en                                                u003cpu003eSmall boat arrivals made up 41% of asylum applications between January 2025 to December 2025.u003c\/pu003en                                                u003cpu003eBoats that arrived in the UK from 9 May 2025 to 8 May 2026 carried an average of 64 people. This has more than doubled since 2021.u003c\/pu003en                                                u003cpu003eExperts say u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/articles\/cj9j8r8z90wo\" target=\"_top\"u003eovercrowding in boats makes crossings riskieru003c\/au003e. At least 84 people died while attempting to cross the Channel in 2024, according to the United Nations (UN).u003c\/pu003en                                                u003cpu003eWhen looking at the scale of small boats crossings, the number of these arrivals is about 5% of the size of total immigration into the UK from July 2024 to June 2025.u003c\/pu003en                                                u003cpu003eThe government has pledged to u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/articles\/c9dqqj0v1ndo\" target=\"_top\"u003e\u201csmash the gangs\u201du003c\/au003e behind these crossings in order to reduce the numbers.u003c\/pu003en                                u003c\/detailsu003e                    u003cdetails class=\"sm-accordion\"u003en                                    u003csummary class=\"sm-summary\"u003en                                        u003cspanu003eWho is arriving in the UK on small boats?u003c\/spanu003en                                        u003cdiv class=\"toggle-icon\"u003eu003c\/divu003en                                    u003c\/summaryu003en                                                u003cpu003ePeople from Eritrea accounted for 18% of all arrivals from January 2025 to December 2025.u003c\/pu003en                                            u003cdiv class=\"sm-embed\"u003en                                                    u003cdiv class=\"sm-flourish-embed\"u003en                                                        u003cdiv class=\"sm-flourish-embed__content\"u003en                                                            u003cdiv class=\"sm-flourish-embed__fallback\"u003en                                                                u003cdiv class=\"sm-picturen                                                                            sm-picture--ratio-n                                                                            sm-picture--fit-\"u003en                                                                    u003cdiv class=\"sm-picture__content\"u003en                                                                            u003cpicture class=\"sm-picture__picture\"u003en                                                                                    u003csource type=\"image\/webp\" srcset=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/visualisation\/25573101\/thumbnail?v=1.1\" media=\"(min-width: )\"u003en                                                                                    u003csource type=\"image\/webp\" srcset=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/visualisation\/25573101\/thumbnail?v=1.1\" media=\"(min-width: )\"u003en                                                                                    u003csource type=\"image\/webp\" srcset=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/visualisation\/25573101\/thumbnail?v=1.1\"u003en                                                                                u003csource srcset=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/visualisation\/25573101\/thumbnail?v=1.1\" media=\"(min-width: )\"u003en                                                                                u003cimg loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/visualisation\/25573101\/thumbnail?v=1.1\" alt=\"A horizontal bar chart of the top five countries from which the UK receives most arrivals by small boat. The countries and corresponding arrivals detected are as follows: Eritrea with 7,602 arrivals detected, Afghanistan with 4,755 arrivals detected, Iran with 4,489 arrivals detected, Sudan with 4,432 arrivals detected, and Somalia with 3,783 arrivals detected. The figures are for January 2025 to December 2025.\" width=\"100%\" height=\"\"  \/u003en                                                                            u003c\/pictureu003en                                                                    u003c\/divu003en                                                                u003c\/divu003en                                                            u003c\/divu003en                                                            u003cdiv class=\"sm-flourish-embed__flourish-container hidden \" style=\"height: 22rem;\" u003en                                                                u003cdiv id=\"embed\" data-height=\"100%\" class=\"flourish-embed flourish-embed-iframe\" data-src=\"visualisation\/25573101?2496655\" style=\"height: 100%; width: 100%\"u003eu003c\/divu003en                                                            u003c\/divu003en                                                        u003c\/divu003en                                                    u003c\/divu003en                                                    n                                            u003c\/divu003en                                                u003cpu003eIn the latest figures covering January 2024 to December 2024, at least 353 people who arrived by small boat were found to be potential victims of human trafficking or other forms of modern slavery, according to the Home Office.u003c\/pu003en                                u003c\/detailsu003e                    u003cdetails class=\"sm-accordion\"u003en                                    u003csummary class=\"sm-summary\"u003en                                        u003cspanu003eHow else do people stay in the UK without permission?u003c\/spanu003en                                        u003cdiv class=\"toggle-icon\"u003eu003c\/divu003en                                    u003c\/summaryu003en                                                u003cpu003eAnother 5,025 people were detected entering the UK without permission via other methods including hiding in vehicles, travelling on ferries or through airports from January 2025 to December 2025. This was down by 22% on the same period the previous year.u003c\/pu003en                                                u003cpu003eThere are also individuals who arrive legally, for example via a work or study visa, and then overstay their limit.u003c\/pu003en                                                u003cpu003eThe total number of people who live in the UK illegally after arriving legally is not known.u003c\/pu003en                                u003c\/detailsu003e    u003c\/divu003en                u003cdiv class=\"embed-footer\"u003en                    u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/articles\/c70989jrdweo\" target=\"_blank\"u003eSee more key stats on hotels, small boats and asylumu003c\/au003en                u003c\/divu003en            u003c\/divu003en        u003cnoscriptu003eu003clink href=\"https:\/\/news.files.bbci.co.uk\/include\/newsspec\/41039-migration-dashboard-2025\/assets\/embed\/css\/small-boats.css??v=1.0.202605090912.undefined\" 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journey from Iraqi Kurdistan to the English Channel last year.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The 24-year-old is known to have reached the coast of northern France in November, where he was one of about 100 people put aboard a boat fit to carry fewer than 20. Smugglers pushed them out to sea but remained on shore themselves, according to a fellow passenger.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The 24-year-old is known to have reached the coast of northern France in November, where he was one of about 100 people put aboard a boat fit to carry fewer than 20. Smugglers pushed them out to sea but remained on shore themselves, according to a fellow passenger.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The craft began to sink mid-voyage. Most passengers were picked up by a coastguard patrol and returned to France, but four people appear to have been lost overboard in the dark, among them Shwana. His body has never been found.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The craft began to sink mid-voyage. Most passengers were picked up by a coastguard patrol and returned to France, but four people appear to have been lost overboard in the dark, among them Shwana. His body has never been found.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The crossing had been co-ordinated via a WhatsApp group, according to Shwana's fellow passenger, who showed us a mobile phone number used by the smugglers. It was also a number that featured in one of Kardo Ranya's social media adverts.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The crossing had been co-ordinated via a WhatsApp group, according to Shwana's fellow passenger, who showed us a mobile phone number used by the smugglers. It was also a number that featured in one of Kardo Ranya's social media adverts.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"We were later able to talk to Shwana's family in the town of Ranya itself. They say he had been influenced by adverts such as these, dangling the idea of a more prosperous life in the UK.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"We were later able to talk to Shwana's family in the town of Ranya itself. They say he had been influenced by adverts such as these, dangling the idea of a more prosperous life in the UK.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"High unemployment rates and the lack of prospects in Iraqi Kurdistan have made it easy for gangs to tempt young people to gamble everything on a journey to mainland Europe and the UK.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"High unemployment rates and the lack of prospects in Iraqi Kurdistan have made it easy for gangs to tempt young people to gamble everything on a journey to mainland Europe and the UK.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"advertisement\",\"model\":{\"adType\":\"horizontal\"},\"incrementedType\":\"mid_3\"},{\"type\":\"image\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"altText\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"A BBC map of Iraq showing the Kurdish region in the north of the country which lies between the borders with Turkey and Iran. 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He replied first by text and then by phone.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"advertisement\",\"model\":{\"adType\":\"horizontal\"},\"incrementedType\":\"mid_4\"},{\"type\":\"image\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"caption\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Bakra Ali runs a museum in Ranya dedicated to people who have died on the migrant route to Europe\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Bakra Ali runs a museum in Ranya dedicated to people who have died on the migrant route to Europe\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"altText\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"An indoor space with a wall densely covered in rows of printed portrait photographs, each photo mounted on a card with lines of text beneath it, some written in Arabic numerals and script. 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We thought he might be eyeing up a leadership role in the gang and saw our investigation as a way of taking his boss's place.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"He claimed he and Kardo Ranya were closer than brothers, which made us wonder why he was calling us. We thought he might be eyeing up a leadership role in the gang and saw our investigation as a way of taking his boss's place.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"After a few days' back-and-forth, Rob received a text message: \"Are you ready?\"\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"After a few days' back-and-forth, Rob received a text message: \"Are you ready?\"\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The screen went dead and stayed that way for 15 minutes. Then it lit up. A document appeared bearing Kardo Ranya's photo, his date of birth and most important of all, his real name - Kardo Muhammad Amen Jaf.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The screen went dead and stayed that way for 15 minutes. Then it lit up. A document appeared bearing Kardo Ranya's photo, his date of birth and most important of all, his real name - Kardo Muhammad Amen Jaf.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"We decided it was time to put the allegations of people-smuggling to the man himself.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"We decided it was time to put the allegations of people-smuggling to the man himself.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"advertisement\",\"model\":{\"adType\":\"horizontal\"},\"incrementedType\":\"mid_5\"},{\"type\":\"image\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"caption\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Kardo Jaf's identity was leaked to the BBC by a fellow smuggler\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Kardo Jaf's identity was leaked to the BBC by a fellow smuggler\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"altText\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Kardo Jaf, also known as Kardo Ranya, stands at a roadside lookout beside a metal guardrail, wearing a fitted black long\u2011sleeved shirt and dark trousers, with hands resting in his pockets and body turned slightly to the right. The viewpoint overlooks a wide valley cityscape at dusk, with clusters of buildings, winding roads, and scattered streetlights stretching across rolling green hills. The sky is pale blue with soft clouds and fading daylight, and distant hills form the horizon in the background.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Kardo Jaf, also known as Kardo Ranya, stands at a roadside lookout beside a metal guardrail, wearing a fitted black long\u2011sleeved shirt and dark trousers, with hands resting in his pockets and body turned slightly to the right. The viewpoint overlooks a wide valley cityscape at dusk, with clusters of buildings, winding roads, and scattered streetlights stretching across rolling green hills. 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Our translator rang the number and pretended to be a would-be migrant who had the money to fly his whole family to the UK.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"During our investigation, we had been given a WhatsApp number on which Kardo Ranya and his associates were said to be running his business. Our translator rang the number and pretended to be a would-be migrant who had the money to fly his whole family to the UK.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"He spoke to someone over the phone who said the cost of the VIP service would be \u00a3160,000. The flight would go to an airport outside of London, apparently for security reasons. Someone would then pick up the family and take them wherever they needed.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"He spoke to someone over the phone who said the cost of the VIP service would be \u00a3160,000. The flight would go to an airport outside of London, apparently for security reasons. Someone would then pick up the family and take them wherever they needed.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Our translator said he would think about the offer but said that his wife was nervous. He left our number, hoping the lure of a big sale might tempt Jaf himself to call back. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Our translator said he would think about the offer but said that his wife was nervous. 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The number on which he called us has since been disconnected.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Jaf then hung up. The number on which he called us has since been disconnected.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Meanwhile, one of his collaborators has recently been given a 10-year jail sentence in France.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Meanwhile, one of his collaborators has recently been given a 10-year jail sentence in France.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Like Jaf, Noah Aaron was a member of the Ranya Boys and had been active in sending illegal migrants over to the UK since 2019.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Like Jaf, Noah Aaron was a member of the Ranya Boys and had been active in sending illegal migrants over to the UK since 2019.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"advertisement\",\"model\":{\"adType\":\"horizontal\"},\"incrementedType\":\"mid_6\"},{\"type\":\"image\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"caption\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Smuggler Noah Aaron is now serving a 10-year jail sentence in France\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Smuggler Noah Aaron is now serving a 10-year jail sentence in France\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"altText\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Noah Aaron stands outdoors in a wooded area with dense green trees and sunlight filtering through the foliage. 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